In 1996 three senior software engineers Maher Awad, Juha Kuusela and Jurgen Ziegler at Nokia
Research Center in Helsinki published a highly acclaimed book on object-oriented technology.
They call their method Octopus.
The book is the fruit of a project which began in 1993 under Nokia Research Center's Strategic
Software Initiative spearheaded by laboratory chief Pertti Lounamaa. The purpose of the
Initiative was to promote object-oriented technology across Nokia. Maher Awad has been the
prime mover behind Octopus from start to finish. In December 1993, Awad and teammate Juha
Kuusela presented the first draft. Duo became trio when software engineer Jurgen Ziegler
joined the team in early 1994.
The Octopus method is based on the popular OMT and Fusion methods, but also embodies common
practice found in real-time systems. It applies proven object-oriented techniques, while
matching the specific needs of real-time systems, such as concurrency, synchronization,
communication, handling of interrupts, hardware interfaces and end-to-end response times.
Since the introduction of the method, Octopus has been applied in many projects at Nokia.
Nokia Research Center's Software Technology Laboratory headed by laboratory chief
Heikki Saikkonen is assisting those projects and collecting the feedback. It constantly gains
new insights and detects flaws or gaps in the Octopus method, due to the real-life experience
made and the complementary research work achieved.
In 1998 the method was updated to use UML notation except for features required by
the special constraints of embedded real-time systems. This breakthrough has been called
Octopus/UML (see Octopus Supplement Volume 1). As a result, any UML based CASE tool can
be applied for the routine work.